Confined Spaces
Confined space assessments, registers, and compliance support to protect workers and meet WHS obligations.
Why Confined Space Identification Matters
Not every small or enclosed space is a “confined space” under WHS law — but failing to correctly identify one can have fatal consequences. A confined space is defined by limited entry or exit, the risk of hazardous atmospheres, and the potential for engulfment, oxygen deficiency, or toxic exposure. Examples include tanks, pits, voids, ducts, wells, crawl spaces, and stormwater assets.
Under WHS Regulation Part 4.3, all PCBUs must:
Identify confined spaces in the workplace
Complete a risk assessment for each
Implement controls including permits, signage, and entry procedures
Maintain a confined space register
Provide training, emergency planning, and atmospheric monitoring where required
We help you manage this from start to finish.
Our Services – End-to-End Confined Space Risk Management
Confined Space Identification & Register Creation
We conduct site inspections to identify all areas that meet the legal definition of a confined space. Our consultants assess physical layout, access restrictions, historical use, and environmental risks. We then prepare a clear, site-specific Confined Space Register, including:
Space ID and description
Confined space status (yes/no)
Reason for classification
Risk profile and recommended control level
This register becomes your foundation for WHS compliance, tender submissions, and site safety planning.
Risk Assessment & Control Recommendations
For each confirmed confined space, we complete a risk assessment that considers:
Atmospheric hazards (e.g. oxygen deficiency, flammable gases, fumes)
Potential for engulfment or flooding
Energy sources and mechanical hazards
Access/egress challenges
Required rescue arrangements
We provide tailored control measures based on the hierarchy of controls, including isolation procedures, ventilation, PPE requirements, and emergency planning.
Permit & Entry Procedure Support
We assist with the development or review of:
Confined space entry permits
Safe Work Method Statements (SWMS)
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
Signage, tagging, and isolation controls
This ensures your documentation meets WHS and industry standards — and is suitable for third-party contractors or site audits.
Atmospheric Testing & Monitoring Plans
Where air quality is a concern, we advise on atmospheric monitoring strategies, including real-time gas detection, baseline testing, and entry condition verification. We can also help you integrate monitoring into confined space entry workflows and emergency planning.
Who We Work With
We support:
Construction contractors and infrastructure crews
Maintenance teams and facility managers
Councils, utilities, and asset managers
Remediation and environmental services
Plumbers, electricians, and HVAC technicians
Property developers and WHS consultants
Whether you're preparing a site for work or responding to a compliance concern, we’ll guide you through it.
Why Choose Confluence Environmental?
Experts in confined space compliance, WHS risk, and environmental hazards
Fully aligned with SafeWork NSW, AS 2865, and WHS Regulation 2017
Independent advice — not tied to any contractor or product
Clear reports, fast response times, and practical outcomes
Trusted across NSW by contractors, councils, and facility operators
We don’t just tick boxes — we help you build real-world confined space safety into your project or workplace.
Where We Work
We provide confined space assessments and consulting services across:
Greater Sydney and Western Sydney
Central Coast
Newcastle & Lake Macquarie
Hunter Valley and Upper Hunter
South Coast, Mid North Coast, and regional NSW
Need expert advice?
Unsure whether an area is a confined space? Need help building your register, preparing for works, or responding to a regulator?
Call 0493 042 642 or book online to speak with a consultant or request a quote.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) – Confined Space Assessments
Q: What is considered a confined space under WHS law?
In NSW, a confined space is defined by the Work Health and Safety Regulation 2017 as an enclosed or partially enclosed space that is not designed for continuous human occupancy, and has:
Limited or restricted entry or exit, and
A reasonably foreseeable risk to health and safety from hazardous atmospheres, engulfment, or other dangerous conditions
Examples include tanks, pits, sewers, voids, crawlspaces, and certain types of ducts or pipes.
Q: Do I need to identify all confined spaces on my site?
Yes. All Persons Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBUs) are legally required to identify and manage all confined spaces in the workplace. This includes creating a confined space register, assessing risks, and implementing suitable controls before any work is carried out.
Q: What is a confined space register?
A confined space register is a formal document that lists all areas on site that meet the legal definition of a confined space. It includes a description of each space, whether it qualifies as a confined space, why it does or does not, and what level of control or permit is required for entry. It’s a key part of your WHS documentation and helps ensure compliance and consistency across your team or contractors.
Q: When is a confined space risk assessment required?
A confined space risk assessment is required before anyone enters or works near a confined space. It must consider the nature of the space, atmospheric hazards, access issues, potential for flooding or engulfment, and the suitability of emergency response procedures. The assessment must be documented and regularly reviewed.
Q: Do all confined spaces require a permit to enter?
Yes. If a space is confirmed as a confined space under the WHS Regulation, a permit-to-work system must be in place. This includes documented approval to enter, atmospheric monitoring (if required), control verification, PPE requirements, and emergency procedures. We can help develop or review confined space permits as part of your WHS system.
Q: Can I rely on contractors to manage confined space entry themselves?
No. As the PCBU, you are responsible for ensuring all confined space risks are identified and managed, even when engaging subcontractors. This includes verifying that contractors have the correct training, procedures, equipment, and fit-for-purpose documentation. We help you stay in control of compliance, while allowing contractors to operate safely.
Q: What standards and regulations apply to confined spaces in NSW?
The key regulatory documents include:
Work Health and Safety Regulation 2017 – Part 4.3 (Confined Spaces)
AS 2865:2016 – Confined Spaces
SafeWork NSW Code of Practice – Confined Spaces
Our assessments and documentation are fully aligned with these standards and accepted across NSW by regulators, clients, and principal contractors.