Hazardous chemicals in the workplace

What Are Hazardous Chemicals?

Hazardous chemicals are substances that can harm human health through exposure in the workplace. They may be toxic, corrosive, flammable, reactive, or carcinogenic, and can pose serious risks if not managed properly. These chemicals are commonly found in industries such as construction, manufacturing, agriculture, mining, and healthcare.

How Can Workers Be Exposed to Hazardous Chemicals?

Exposure can occur through:

·       Inhalation – breathing in dust, fumes, vapours, or gases (e.g., silica dust, solvents)

·       Skin contact – absorption through direct contact (e.g., acids, pesticides)

·       Ingestion – accidental swallowing due to poor hygiene or contamination

·       Injection – accidental punctures from contaminated objects (e.g., needlestick injuries)

What Are the Health Risks of Hazardous Chemical Exposure?

Short-term (acute) effects can include:

·       Eye, nose, and throat irritation

·       Dizziness, nausea, or headaches

·       Skin burns or allergic reactions

Long-term (chronic) exposure can lead to:

·       Respiratory diseases (e.g., occupational asthma, silicosis, asbestosis)

·       Cancer (e.g., benzene, asbestos, formaldehyde exposure)

·       Nervous system damage (e.g., lead, mercury, solvents)

·       Reproductive and developmental issues

How Are Hazardous Chemicals Regulated in Australia?

Workplace hazardous chemicals are regulated under:

·       Work Health and Safety (WHS) laws (Safe Work Australia & state regulators)

·       Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of Classification and Labelling

·       Exposure standards (e.g., Workplace Exposure Standards for Airborne Contaminants)

How Can Workplaces Manage Hazardous Chemical Risks?

Employers must:

1.    Identify hazardous substances through Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and chemical registers.

2.    Assess risks by monitoring exposure levels and workplace conditions.

3.    Implement controls, including:

o   Substituting safer chemicals where possible

o   Using engineering controls (e.g., ventilation, containment)

o   Providing PPE (e.g., gloves, respirators, protective clothing)

4.    Train workers on safe handling, storage, and emergency response.

5.    Monitor worker health through regular medical surveillance.