Remediation Action Plans
We deliver Remediation Action Plans (RAPs) that meet EPA and planning authority standards — providing clear, practical steps for managing site contamination and achieving safe, approved land use.
Expert Remediation Action Plans
Need a Remediation Action Plan (RAP) for your site?
Confluence Environmental prepares clear, practical RAPs for contaminated land projects across the Central Coast, Newcastle, Hunter Valley, Port Stephens, Lake Macquarie, Sydney, and the Blue Mountains.
We develop site-specific remediation strategies in line with NSW EPA and council requirements — helping you manage contamination risks, support planning approvals, and ensure successful site validation. Clear methodology. Regulator-ready reporting. Expert guidance included.
What Is a Remediation Action Plan (RAP)?
A RAP is a technical document that defines the:
Extent and nature of contamination
Remediation goals for site safety and regulatory compliance
Preferred remediation methods (e.g. excavation, in-situ treatment)
Validation and monitoring process to confirm success
Contingency and management measures for unexpected issues
A well-prepared RAP ensures that site remediation is conducted:
In line with NSW EPA and NEPM (Assessment of Site Contamination) 2013 guidelines
Efficiently, cost-effectively, and with minimal environmental impact
In a way that facilitates development approval, rezoning, or site reuse
Our RAP Services – Practical, Compliant, Risk-Based Solutions
We develop Remediation Action Plans for residential, commercial, and industrial sites — from minor hotspots to large-scale redevelopment projects. Our consultants work closely with developers, planners, councils, and auditors to align remediation with environmental and planning goals.
1. Site and Contamination Summary
Each RAP begins with a concise, regulator-ready summary of the site’s condition:
Site history and previous investigations (PSI/DSI)
Identified contaminants of concern (CoCs) (e.g. hydrocarbons, heavy metals, asbestos, PFAS)
Summary of receptors and exposure pathways
Applicable land zoning and environmental constraints
2. Remediation Objectives & Regulatory Requirements
We define remediation goals based on:
Proposed land use (residential, commercial, industrial, etc.)
Compliance with NSW EPA guidelines, NEPM (ASC) health and ecological criteria
Risk-based remediation endpoints suitable for sign-off by a site auditor or planning authority
Integration with Development Application (DA) or construction timelines
3. Remediation Strategies & Technologies
We identify the most appropriate remediation methods based on site conditions, contaminant type, and project goals. Options may include:
Excavation and off-site disposal – for contaminated soil, asbestos, or hotspots
On-site treatment – bioremediation, chemical oxidation, stabilisation, or thermal desorption
Capping and containment – clean fill or geosynthetic caps to prevent exposure
Groundwater remediation – in-situ chemical injection, pump-and-treat, or monitored natural attenuation
Source removal and infrastructure protection – e.g. removal of underground storage tanks (USTs)
We always balance effectiveness, feasibility, and cost.
4. Validation & Environmental Monitoring
A key part of any RAP is confirming remediation has worked. We develop a site-specific plan for:
Validation sampling and testing to compare results against regulatory criteria
Ongoing monitoring, where required (e.g. groundwater, soil vapour)
Chain of custody documentation, QA/QC protocols, and lab reporting
Supporting reporting for EPA, councils, and site auditors
5. Site Management & Contingency Planning
We prepare practical procedures for:
Managing unexpected contamination during earthworks
Health, safety, and environmental protection during remediation
Waste classification and disposal logistics
Ongoing Site Management Plans (SMPs) where residual contamination remains
Communication protocols for council, contractors, and auditors
Why Choose Confluence Environmental?
NSW remediation specialists with experience across diverse sites
RAPs aligned with EPA, NEPM, and local council expectations
Risk-based solutions that avoid unnecessary excavation or cost
Clear, structured reports for DA submission or auditor review
Support through remediation, validation, and post-remediation approvals
We make complex remediation challenges manageable and regulator-ready.
Where We Work
We provide Remediation Action Plans across:
Greater Sydney
Central Coast
Newcastle & Lake Macquarie
Hunter Valley
Mid-North Coast & South Coast NSW
Need expert advice?
Need a Remediation Action Plan to support your DA, rezoning, or contamination management strategy? We offer fast turnaround and fixed-fee quotes to keep your project on track.
Call 0493 042 642, email enquiries@confluence-enviro.com.au or Contact Us to discuss your needs.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) – Remediation Action Plans (RAP)
Q: What is a Remediation Action Plan (RAP)?
A Remediation Action Plan (RAP) outlines the strategy and methods used to clean up or manage contaminated land to ensure it is safe for its intended future use. It includes remediation goals, preferred techniques, validation procedures, and contingency plans — all aligned with NSW EPA and NEPM (ASC 2013) guidelines.
Q: When is a RAP required in NSW?
A RAP is typically required when:
A Detailed Site Investigation (DSI) confirms that contamination exceeds regulatory thresholds
You need to demonstrate how risks will be mitigated for planning approval
You're preparing for remediation of a known contaminated site
An EPA notice or Site Auditor requires formal remediation planning
The site is being rezoned, developed, or sold with contamination present
Q: What does a RAP include?
A comprehensive RAP typically includes:
Summary of site investigations (PSI/DSI)
Identified contaminants of concern (CoCs)
Remediation goals and regulatory context
Preferred remediation methods (e.g. excavation, on-site treatment, capping)
Validation sampling and post-remediation monitoring plan
Contingency measures for unexpected contamination
Waste classification, safety protocols, and reporting procedures
Q: What remediation methods are used for contaminated land?
The method depends on the contaminant type, site conditions, and intended land use. Common approaches include:
Excavation and off-site disposal
In-situ chemical treatment (e.g. oxidation, stabilisation)
Bioremediation or soil washing
Capping and containment
Groundwater remediation (pump-and-treat, chemical injection, monitored natural attenuation)
Q: Who reviews or approves a RAP in NSW?
RAPs are typically reviewed by:
Local councils as part of the DA process
The NSW EPA, especially for sites under regulatory notice
An accredited Site Auditor, if the site requires independent verification
Environmental certifiers or planning panels for complex sites
We prepare RAPs to meet the standards of all applicable authorities.
Q: What happens after a RAP is implemented?
After remediation works are completed:
Validation sampling is conducted to confirm that remediation goals have been met
A validation report is prepared and submitted to council, EPA, or the Site Auditor
In some cases, a Long-Term Site Management Plan (LTSMP) is required for residual risks
Once verified, the site can proceed to development or sale with regulatory clearance